What to Check When a Water Heater Isn’t Working Properly

Knowing what to check when a water heater isn’t working properly can help you catch potential repair or maintenance needs early. If your unit isn’t functioning well, is emitting noise or is delivering brown or foul-smelling water, check the following factors and elements:

1. Water Tank

Check your water heater’s tank for sediment buildup and leaks. Sediment can accumulate on your water tank’s inner walls. If you hear rumbling, knocking or popping sounds coming from your water heater, you may need to drain and flush the tank to remove mineral deposits.

If you notice water on the floor around the tank’s base, you may need to address one of the following complications:

  • Corrosion and cracks: Corrosion weakens the walls of your water heater tank and indicates that it’s at the end of its life span. If you find any cracks or corrosion, contact a plumber for professional water heater replacement.
  • Faulty pressure relief valve: Place a bucket under the pressure relief valve and gently lift the valve. A small leak indicates you most likely need to tighten the valve. If a significant amount of water flows out, you may need a new valve. A professional plumber can let you know for sure if a replacement or repair is necessary.
  • Loose connections: Check the tank’s connections such as the water inlet pipe, outlet pipe and drain valve for drips or signs of moisture. You can turn the water off and tighten loose connections with a wrench, but seek professional repair if you are unsure or if the leak persists.

2. Water Tank Size

Your water tank’s size can also cause a low hot water supply. As your family expands, you most likely use more hot water than you used to. In this case, upgrading to a larger water heater is the best solution because it can supply the hot water your household needs.

3. Gas Line

A gas line leak can hinder your water heater’s performance, and it presents a fire hazard. Address a potential gas leak in the following steps:

  • Shut off the main valve.
  • Turn on your water faucets and let them drip.
  • Inspect your pipes for moisture and your gas supply for unusual odors such as a rotten egg smell.
  • Ensure all gas valves are closed.
  • Avoid smoking or lighting a match, as these present serious risks during a gas leak.
  • Avoid switching appliances on or off.
  • Wait until you are at a safe distance from your house to use your phone.
  • Call the police and the gas utility company immediately.

4. Gas Inlet Valve and Supply Tube

If there are no signs of a gas leak, the gas inlet valve or supply tube may be the cause of your low hot water. If there are no signs of a potential gas leak, ensure the gas is turned on and that your inlet valve is in the proper position. You can also secure the valve if it seems loose.

5. Pilot Light

If your gas valve and supply tube are not to blame, you may need to check your pilot light. The pilot light is a constantly burning flame that ensures the water heater’s gas ignites properly. If this light goes out, turn your gas supply off. Wait at least five minutes, then follow your water heater manual’s instructions to reset it. If the pilot light continues to extinguish or flicker out, you may need a new thermocouple or professional repair.

6. Thermostat

A water heater’s thermostat is typically set between 120 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit. A faulty thermostat can cause inconsistent water temperatures, excessively hot water or insufficient hot water. Check if your thermostat displays the right setting, and contact a plumber if issues persist or if the thermostat setting fluctuates.

7. Circuit Breaker

If you have an electric water heater, your circuit breaker may cause malfunctions. Check your circuit breaker panel to see if the water heater’s breaker tripped, and reset it. If this doesn’t restore your hot water, you can test the water heater’s power supply with a voltmeter.

8. Heating Element

A faulty heating element is another common complication in electric water heaters. You can call a professional to inspect your heating element or check it with a multimeter in the following steps:

  • Turn off your water heater’s power.
  • Remove the heating element’s access panel.
  • Set the multimeter to the lowest ohms (Ω) setting.
  • Loosen one of the heating element’s screws, and touch one probe to each screw.
  • Check if the multimeter reading matches the range in your water heater’s manual.

A multimeter reading that falls outside the proper range indicates that you may need a new heating element.

 

9. Anode Rod

If you notice a rotten egg smell or a yellow, red or brown tint to your water, the water heater tank may contain bacteria or corrosion. Contact a plumber to check your tank’s anode rod and replace it if necessary. This component corrodes faster than a water heater’s tank because it attracts corrosive elements and sacrifices itself to protect the tank. You should inspect the anode rod every three to four years to extend your water heater’s life span and maintain efficiency.

10. Weather

Cold temperatures can reduce your water heater tank’s performance and efficiency, resulting in insufficient hot water. If your water heater performs poorly in the winter, you can insulate it with a water heater insulation blanket. You may need to wait a few hours for your water heater to recover, and avoiding hot water use during this process helps prevent a prolonged recovery period. Electric water heaters typically take longer to recover than gas water heaters.

11. Vents and Air Intake Channels

If you have a tankless water heater, blockages in the vents or air intake channels can affect your water temperature. Check all vents for dust and debris, and clean them regularly to ensure operational efficiency.

12. Flow Rate

Tankless water heaters initiate operation when they sense water flow. Your unit’s minimum flow rate is the amount of water that needs to flow through it each minute so it can heat water effectively. Try turning your faucets up when you use hot water to ensure an adequate flow rate. 

13. Hot Water Activity

Using multiple hot water appliances at one time can reduce a water heater’s ability to deliver hot water. Temporarily pause some functions if you notice inadequate hot water when multiple appliances operate. If you often need to use more than one appliance or hot water faucet at a time, consider installing two or more tankless water heaters.

Importance of Preventive Maintenance

Preventive maintenance can help you avoid the most common problems of water heaters, and it offers the following advantages:

  • Greater energy efficiency
  • Extended water heater life span
  • Reduced risk of significant repair needs

Schedule water heater maintenance at least once a year to maintain efficiency and extend its life span.

 

Maintain Your Water Heater With IT Landes Home Service Team

Whether you need help troubleshooting water heater problems or notice a repair need, IT Landes Home Service Team is here for you. Our plumbers have the skills, experience and continuous training to deliver expert workmanship and ensure your system operates efficiently. We offer preventive maintenance and repair services with transparent pricing, convenient financing options and excellent customer service to meet your needs. Request an appointment or contact us to learn more about our plumbing services.

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